La provisión de apoyos fuera del aula como medida de atención a la diversidad y sus efectos en la inclusión educativa / The Provision of out-of Classroom Supportsas a Measure of Attention to Diversityand its Effects on Inclusion

Este estudio analiza el impacto del apoyo fuera del aula como medida de atención a la diversidad en el alumnado de primaria, además de las nominaciones positivas y negativas que emiten y reciben, así como sus perfiles sociométricos. La muestra representa a 20 colegios ordinarios de la región de Extremadura (España). Participaron 881 alumnos (de 6 a 12 años) pertenecientes a 43 aulas de primaria, de primero a sexto curso; de estos, 98 alumnos (11,12 %) presentaban necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo. Como instrumento se utilizó un cuestionario sociométrico basado en el método de nominación de iguales y la asociación de atributos. Los resultados muestran que los alumnos con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo (ACNEAE) obtienen más rechazo y que este aumenta a medida que lo hace el nivel educativo. Además, estos alumnos reciben más nominaciones por parte de sus iguales con NEAE. Los alumnos con y sin NEAE muestran perfiles sociométricos distintos que denotan perfiles comportamentales diferentes. Los resultados muestran que la provisión de apoyos fuera del aula parece actuar como factor inhibidor de la inclusión educativa. (AU)

This study analyzes the impact of out-of-classroom supports as diversity attention measures on primary school students as well as determining the choices and rejections they make and receive, and their sociometric profiles. The sample represents 20 ordinary school of the region Extremadura in Spain. A total of 881 students (6 to 12 years old) from 43 primary school classrooms from first to sixth grade participated; of whom, 98 students (11,12 %) had specific educational support needs. A sociometric questionnaire based on the method of peer nomination and attribute association was used for data collection. The results show that students with specific educational sup-port needs (SEN) are subject to greater rejection and that this rejection increases as the educational level goes up. These students also receive more choices and rejections from their peers who also have SEN. Students with and without SEN show different soci-ometric profiles that denote different behavioral profiles. These results show that the provision of out-of-classroom supports seems to act as a hindering factor of educational inclusion. (AU)

El cuestionario sociométrico Guess Who 4 como screening de la competencia social en educación primaria / Guess Who 4 Sociometric Questionnaire as Screening of Social Competence in Elementary Education

Resumen Este trabajo presenta la adaptación y validación española del Cuestionario Sociométrico Guess Who 4 (GW4) (Mavroveli, Petrides, Sangareau, & Furnham, 2009), que evalúa la reputación social en el contexto del grupo-aula, fundamentado en la técnica de evaluación por pares de Coie & Dodge (1988). La muestra se compone de 668 alumnos de tercero a sexto de Educación Primaria, y edades comprendidas entre 7-13 años (M= 9.6, DT= 1.11). Se analizan las correlaciones del GW4 con problemas emocionales y de conducta infantil, y rendimiento académico, en función del sexo. Los resultados avalan la fiabilidad y validez criterial del instrumento para la evaluación breve de la competencia social, con fines de investigación o de aplicación en la práctica de la evaluación psicoeducativa y la orientación psicopedagógica.

Abstract This paper presents the Spanish adaptation and validation of the Guess Who 4 Sociometric Questionnaire (GW4) (Mavroveli, Petrides, Sangareau, and Furnham, 2009), which assesses the social reputation in the context of group-classroom, based on the peer assessment technique by Coie and Dodge (1988). The sample consists of 668 students from third to sixth of primary education, aged 7-13 years (M =9.6, SD=1.11). GW4 correlations with emotional and behavioral problems of child and academic performance are analyzed. The results support the reliability and criterion validity of the instrument as a brief assessment of social competence, for use in research or application to psychoeducational assessment and counseling.

Percepção do aluno sobre sua interação com o professor e status sociométrico / Student's perception of the teacher-student relationship and sociometric status

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo verificar a relação entre a percepção de estudantes sobre as expectativas de seus professores a seu respeito e o seu status sociométrico, investigado por meio das escolhas do grupo de amigos. Participaram do estudo 130 alunos do ensino fundamental, de ambos os sexos, entre 9 e 10 anos de idade, de duas escolas públicas do interior do Estado de São Paulo. A percepção dos participantes foi obtida por meio de uma escala contendo vinte afirmações, onze positivas, que indicam boa percepção do aluno, e nove que indicam uma percepção negativa. Para avaliar o status sociométrico foi solicitado aos participantes que indicassem três nomes de colegas da classe com quem gostariam de estudar, de brincar, de não estudar e de não brincar. Os resultados indicaram que os alunos que acreditam que seu professor tem uma percepção positiva sobre eles também obtiveram médias maiores de aceitação por seu grupo de amigos. Os participantes que demonstraram uma percepção de expectativas negativa também foram mais rejeitados por seus pares. O estudo aponta para a necessidade de se considerar as relações sociais estabelecidas na escola e promove uma reflexão sobre a importância dessas relações no contexto do processo ensino-aprendizagem.

The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between students' perceptions about their teachers' expectations of them and their sociometric status, investigated through the selection of groups of friends. Participants comprised 130 male and female elementary school children, aged between 9 and 10, in two public schools from the São Paulo state interior. Participants' perception was measured via a scale consisting of twenty statements, of which eleven were positively, and nine negatively, stated. To assess sociometric status, participants were required to indicate three classmates with whom they would like to study and to play, and three with whom they would not like to study and to play. Results showed that those students who believed that their teacher had a positive perception towards them also had a higher average peer group acceptance. Those participants who demonstrated a negative perception of expectations were the ones most rejected by their peers. This study points to the importance of the social relationships established at school and encourages a reflection on the importance of these relationships in the context of the teach/learn process.